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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

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All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2025

Sample Preparation and Transfer Protocol for In-Vacuum Long-Wavelength Crystallography on Beamline I23 at Diamond Light Source
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Engineering spin coherence in core-shell diamond nanocrystals.

Uri Zvi1, Denis R Candido2, Adam M Weiss3

  • 1Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered core-shell diamond nanocrystals significantly enhance spin qubit coherence times and luminescence. This breakthrough improves sensitivity for nanoscale biological sensing, reducing integration times by up to 100-fold.

Keywords:
core-shellnanodiamondsquantum engineeringquantum sensingqubit coherence

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum sensing
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Fluorescent diamond nanocrystals serve as spin qubit sensors for nanoscale biological probing.
  • Current limitations in sensitivity are due to surface charge instability and electron-spin dephasing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the sensitivity of diamond nanosensors by increasing qubit coherence times.
  • To investigate the impact of engineered core-shell structures on qubit properties.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized engineered core-shell structures in diamond nanocrystals.
  • Employed electron-paramagnetic-resonance to develop a band bending model.
  • Analyzed silica encapsulation's effect on surface states and qubit properties.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a drastic increase in qubit coherence times (T2) from 1.1-35 µs to 52-87 µs.
  • Observed a 1.9-fold increase in particle luminescence.
  • Demonstrated up to a two-order-of-magnitude reduction in integration time.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered core-shell structures effectively mitigate noise and enhance diamond nanosensor performance.
  • Silica encapsulation removes deleterious mid-gap surface states, improving qubit spin properties.
  • Results offer a viable noise mitigation strategy for advanced nanoscale sensing applications.