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Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
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Chemicals play important roles in controlling microbial growth by targeting microbial structures and functions as sanitizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, and sterilants.Alcohols are commonly used sanitizers, effectively disrupting lipid membranes, which compromises cell integrity. They are also used as antiseptics and disinfectants due to their rapid action and versatility.Phenols and their derivatives phenolics , known for denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, are particularly...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes
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Core-Shell ZnO2@Cerium-Based Metal-Organic Framework with Low Turnover, Dual-Catalytic Activity for Biosafe Biofilm

Renfei Wu1,2, Tianjin Ge1, Tianrong Yu1,2

  • 1Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|May 21, 2025
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Summary

A novel bromide-loaded zinc peroxide/cerium-based metal-organic framework (ZnO2@CeMOF/Br) effectively disperses biofilms and clears bacteria. This non-antibiotic strategy shows promise for infection control by modulating immune responses and preventing sepsis.

Keywords:
biofilmextracellular DNAimmune modulationmetal−organic frameworksepsisturnover frequencyturnover number

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology and Materials Science
  • Infectious Diseases and Immunology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • The rise of antibiotic resistance necessitates alternative infection control strategies.
  • Biofilm dispersal is a potential strategy, but poses risks of sepsis from dispersed bacteria.
  • Existing methods lack effective non-antibiotic approaches for complex infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel core-shell nanocatalyst for non-antibiotic infection control.
  • To investigate the mechanism of biofilm dispersal and bacterial clearance by the nanocatalyst.
  • To assess the safety and efficacy of the nanocatalyst in a preclinical model.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of bromide-loaded, core-shell ZnO2-nanoparticle/Ce-based metal-organic framework (ZnO2@CeMOF/Br) nanocatalysts.
  • Evaluation of ZnO2 core degradation, hydrogen peroxide generation, and hypobromous acid formation at acidic pH.
  • Assessment of nanocatalyst effects on Staphylococcus aureus biofilms, macrophage polarization, and cellular toxicity in vitro and in vivo (diabetic mice model).

Main Results:

  • ZnO2@CeMOF/Br nanocatalysts effectively dispersed S. aureus biofilms via hydrogen peroxide and hypobromous acid generation.
  • The Ce node catalyzed DNA hydrolysis and modulated macrophage polarization to an M1-like phenotype for bacterial clearance.
  • In vivo studies showed 100% survival, rapid recovery, reduced bacterial load, and M1 macrophage polarization in infected diabetic mice, with no observed toxicity at effective concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • ZnO2@CeMOF/Br nanocatalysts represent a promising non-antibiotic strategy for combating bacterial infections.
  • The dual-action mechanism involving biofilm dispersal and immune modulation offers a robust approach to infection control.
  • This technology demonstrates significant potential for treating wound infections and preventing sepsis in antibiotic-resistant scenarios.