Phase plane analysis and novel soliton solutions for the space-time fractional Boussinesq equation using two robust...

The Boussinesq equation is essential for studying the behavior of shallow water waves, surface waves in oceans and rivers, and the propagation of long waves in nonlinear systems. Its fractional form allows for a more accurate representation of wave dynamics by incorporating the effects of nonlocal interactions and memory. In this paper, we focus on obtaining exact traveling wave solutions for the space-time fractional Boussinesq equation using two well-established methods: the modified Sardar sub-equation method and the new extended direct algebraic method, both implemented with Atangana's beta derivative. By applying these methods, we derive a variety of soliton solutions, including kink, anti-kink, periodic, dark, bright, and singular solitary waves. These solutions are presented in different mathematical forms, such as rational, hyperbolic, trigonometric, and exponential functions. This study not only provides new solutions but also enhances the understanding of wave propagation in fractional models, demonstrating the efficiency and applicability of the chosen methods. A comparative analysis of the methods and results is presented, along with an examination of the impact of fractional derivatives by adjusting their values. The study also includes 2D and 3D plots that illustrate the temporal behavior of the solutions. This study demonstrates that the methods employed are applicable to other nonlinear models in mathematical physics. A detailed analysis of the model's behavior is conducted, focusing on bifurcation, chaos, and stability. Phase portrait analysis at critical points reveals shifts in the system's dynamics, and introducing an external periodic force generates chaotic patterns. The solutions provided offer new insights into shallow water wave models, presenting effective tools for in-depth investigation of wave dynamics. All solutions are verified through MATHEMATICA and MATLAB simulations, ensuring their accuracy and reliability.