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The Rise of Stereotactic Neurosurgery in Germany.

Thomas M Kinfe^1,2,3, Volker Arnd Coenen^4,5, Joachim K Krauss^6,7

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Mannheim Center for Neuromodulation and Neuroprosthetics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

Journal of Neurological Surgery. Part A, Central European Neurosurgery

|May 21, 2025

Summary

The Freiburg School of Stereotaxy pioneered functional stereotactic neurosurgery in Germany. Their interdisciplinary approach significantly advanced treatments for neurological disorders, impacting neurosurgery nationwide and internationally.

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Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Neurology
Psychiatry
Neuroanatomy

Background:

Post-WWII Germany saw the emergence of functional stereotactic neurosurgery.
The Department of Neurosurgery in Freiburg was central to this development.
Key figures included Riechert, Hassler, Mundinger, Beringer, and Jung.

Purpose of the Study:

To document the lives, work, and achievements of neurosurgeons, neurologists, psychiatrists, and neuroanatomists in Freiburg.
To highlight their lasting impact on functional stereotactic neurosurgery in Germany and abroad.
To provide an overview of the Freiburg School of Stereotaxy.

Main Methods:

Literature review (PubMed, Scopus, university archives).
Analysis of personal records and communications.
Summarization of historical data and biographical information.

Main Results:

The Freiburg School of Stereotaxy was founded through interdisciplinary collaboration.
Stereotactic techniques were developed for movement disorders, psychiatric conditions, pain, epilepsy, and brain tumors.
Educational initiatives spread the Freiburg School's methods across Germany and internationally.

Conclusions:

The Freiburg School of Stereotaxy played a crucial role in establishing and sustaining functional stereotactic neurosurgery in Germany.
Their work facilitated the treatment of diverse neurological disorders.
Dissemination of knowledge led to specialized neurosurgery units in German universities.