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Working Memory Predicts Long-Term Recognition of Auditory Sequences: Dissociation Between Confirmed Predictions and
L Bonetti1,2,3, E Risgaard Olsen1, F Carlomagno1,4
1Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & the Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus, Aalborg, Denmark.
Scandinavian Journal of Psychology
|May 22, 2025
Summary
Working memory (WM) aids in identifying new musical sequences but not recalling memorized ones. Musical training boosts new sequence identification, while aging impairs overall memory performance.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Neuroscience
- Psychology
Background:
- Memory involves multiple subsystems: sensory, short-term, working (WM), and long-term memory (LTM).
- Interactions between memory subsystems, especially for temporal sequence prediction, are understudied.
- Aging and musical training are factors that may influence memory performance and its underlying mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between working memory (WM) and long-term memory (LTM).
- To examine how aging and musical training impact WM-LTM interactions in recognizing temporal musical sequences.
- To differentiate cognitive processes in handling prediction errors versus confirmatory predictions within memory systems.
Main Methods:
- Utilized three datasets comprising 243 healthy volunteers across diverse age groups.
- Assessed the influence of working memory (WM) capacity, age, and musical training.
- Evaluated long-term memory (LTM) recognition performance for novel and previously learned musical sequences.
Main Results:
- Working memory (WM) abilities positively correlated with identifying novel musical sequences, not recognizing memorized ones.
- Musical training showed a similar positive effect on novel sequence identification.
- Advancing age was associated with diminished memory performance, particularly in sequence recognition.
Conclusions:
- Working memory (WM) plays a distinct role in processing prediction errors compared to confirmatory predictions.
- The findings suggest differential contributions of WM to novel sequence identification versus recognition of learned sequences.
- Future research should explore memory-impaired populations and neural substrates underlying these memory interactions.
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