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The Italian Trend Of Contact Allergy To 2-hydroxyethyl Methacrylate: Is The Current European Legislation Working?

Home
Research Domains
Engineering
Environmental Engineering
Air Pollution Modelling And Control
The Italian Trend Of Contact Allergy To 2-hydroxyethyl Methacrylate: Is The Current European Legislation Working?

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The Italian Trend of Contact Allergy to 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate: Is the Current European Legislation Working?

Elena Sofia Caroppo¹, Gabriele Casciola¹, Katharina Hansel¹

¹Dermatology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.

Contact Dermatitis

|May 22, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Allergic contact dermatitis from (meth)acrylates is rising in Italy, particularly due to artificial nails. Despite recent legislation, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) allergy prevalence is increasing, especially among younger women.

Keywords:

2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate European legislation acrylates contact allergy

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Area of Science:

Dermatology
Allergology
Toxicology

Background:

(Meth)acrylates are common causes of allergic contact dermatitis.
Nail products are a primary exposure source, especially in non-occupational settings.
European legislation in 2020 restricted 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) in nail cosmetics to professional use.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the trend in positive patch test reactions to 2-HEMA in Italy.
2-HEMA serves as a key marker for delayed hypersensitivity to (meth)acrylates.
To assess the impact of recent legislation on 2-HEMA allergies.

Main Methods:

Retrospective descriptive study across 8 Italian Dermatology Clinics.
Analysis of consecutive patients patch tested with the Italian baseline series including 2-HEMA.

Evaluation of demographics, patch test results, exposure settings, and sources.

Main Results:

147 out of 7133 patients (2.1%) tested positive for 2-HEMA.
A significant increasing trend in 2-HEMA positivity was observed from 1.6% in 2019 to 2.7% in 2023.
The median age of sensitized females decreased over time, with artificial nails being the main exposure source in 72.2% of non-occupational cases.

Conclusions:

Contact allergy to 2-HEMA shows a progressive increase in Italy.
Current European legislation appears ineffective in curbing the rise of 2-HEMA allergies.
Further strategies may be needed to address the growing prevalence of (meth)acrylate allergy.