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The Illusory Health Beliefs Scale: validation using exploratory structural equation modeling and multidimensional

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The Illusory Health Beliefs Scale (IHBS) measures scientifically unsubstantiated health notions. Findings support its validity in assessing illusory health control, though some dimensions require refinement.

Keywords:
Illusory Health Beliefs Scaleexploratory structural equation modelingillusory health beliefsmultidimensional Rasch analysisquestionnaire validation

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Health Psychology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • The Illusory Health Beliefs Scale (IHBS) assesses scientifically unsubstantiated health beliefs.
  • These beliefs can negatively impact personal wellbeing and health behaviors.
  • Previous research identified five dimensions and a Health Pseudoscience subscale.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend latent structure analysis of the IHBS using exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and multidimensional Rasch analysis.
  • To test convergent validity with health locus of control (HLC) and beliefs about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).
  • To evaluate the scale's psychometric properties and refine its structure.

Main Methods:

  • Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and multidimensional Rasch analysis were employed.
  • Convergent validity was assessed through correlations with HLC and CAM.
  • A sample of 2,138 participants completed the IHBS.

Main Results:

  • ESEM supported a six-factor model with good data-fit after minor scale modification.
  • IHBS subfactors positively correlated with HLC and CAM, except for Skepticism (negatively associated).
  • Rasch analysis indicated sufficient multidimensionality and satisfactory subscale functioning, with high associations among paranormal dimensions.

Conclusions:

  • The IHBS effectively measures perceived and illusory health control.
  • The scale assesses related but distinct aspects of illusory health beliefs.
  • Further development is needed for the Skepticism dimension and to enhance content separation among paranormal dimensions.