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Self-Powered Wearable TENG Sensors Using NiCo2O4/ZnO Cofiller-Embedded Multilayered Electrospun Fiber-Mat for
Bithika Mandal1, Shailendra Kumar2, Animesh Maji1,3
1Electric Mobility & Tribology Research Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur 713209, India.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|May 22, 2025
Summary
A new flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) harvests mechanical energy for wearable electronics. This green technology significantly boosts power output, enabling self-powered smart gadgets and human-machine interactions.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Energy Harvesting
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Growing demand for sustainable energy solutions in the Internet of Things (IoT) era.
- Need for advanced wearable bioelectronics and green technologies to combat environmental issues.
- Depletion of fossil fuels necessitates exploration of alternative energy sources.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a high-performance flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) for wearable bioelectronics.
- To investigate the potential of TENGs for green energy harvesting from low-frequency mechanical sources.
- To enhance the output performance of TENG devices through material optimization.
Main Methods:
- Fabrication of a TENG device using a stacked multilayered composite fiber-mat (poly(vinylidene difluoride)) and a Super P carbon black intercalated textured Polydimethylsiloxane film.
- Incorporation of NiCo2O4/ZnO co-filler into the fiber-mat to create different composite compositions (e.g., PNZ15).
- Testing the TENG device's performance by measuring open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, power output, and power density under various conditions.
Main Results:
- Achieved a maximum open-circuit voltage of ~127 V and a short-circuit current of 9.4 µA with the PNZ15 composite.
- Obtained a maximum power output of 710 µW under a 4 MΩ load resistance, with a power density of ~178 µW cm⁻², a ~225% improvement over the bare fiber-mat.
- Demonstrated the device's capability to light up LEDs and power small electronic gadgets, highlighting its practical application potential.
- Confirmed that the quantity of dielectric filler significantly enhances the TENG's output performance.
Conclusions:
- The developed flexible TENG demonstrates significant potential for green energy harvesting from biomechanical sources.
- The optimized TENG device is suitable for self-powered wearable gadgets and can be integrated into smart nanogadgets for human-machine interactions.
- This research provides effective strategies for synergistic energy harvesting through advanced material design in TENG technology.
