Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometry: Alkyl Halide Fragmentation

Mass Spectrometry: Alkyl Halide Fragmentation

Chlorine isotopes exist as 35Cl and 37Cl in a 3:1 ratio, while bromine isotopes exist as 79Br and 81Br in a 1:1 ratio. The mass spectrum of alkyl halides typically produces two distinct molecular ion peaks, the molecular ion peak, [M], and the molecular ion plus two, [M + 2] peak. The relative heights of these two peaks are proportional to the isotopic abundance ratios of the halide. For example, 2‐chloropropane and 1‐bromopropane display two peaks with relative peak heights in a 3:1 and...

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

The role of the detectors in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is to analyze the solutes as they exit from the chromatographic column. The detector recognizes the solute's property and generates corresponding electrical signals, which are converted into a readable graph of the detector's response versus elution time called a chromatogram at the computer. There are several types of HPLC detectors, each with its own advantages and limitations, depending on the analyte...

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)

The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For...

Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect

Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect

Most elements exist in nature as a mixture of isotopes. The isotopes differ in weight due to their respective number of neutrons. The molecular weight of a molecule is different depending on the specific isotope of its elements involved. As a result, the mass spectrum of the molecule exhibits peaks from the same fragment at multiple positions. The positions of these mass signals depend on the difference between the molecular mass. Furthermore, the intensity of these signals is dependent on the...

Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
This technique helps gather information regarding the protein from which the peptide was obtained and to study the peptides’ amino acid sequence. Identifying peptides from a complex mixture is an important component of the growing field of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Diversity of Iodinated Water Disinfection Byproducts and Their Formation Dynamics Discovered Using Exposome-Scale Nontargeted Analysis and Machine Learning.

Environmental science & technology·2026

Same author

50th Anniversary of the Discovery of Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts: A Special Issue in <i>ES&T</i> and <i>ES&T Letters</i>.

Environmental science & technology·2026

Same author

BAGO: A Self-Optimizing Tool for LC-MS Gradient Design in Metabolomics.

Analytical chemistry·2026

Same author

The Multifaceted Challenge of Normalizing Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Data.

Analytical chemistry·2026

Same author

From pancreas and islet resources to diabetes insights.

Diabetologia·2026

Same author

Disinfection Byproducts in the Long-Tail Exposome: Unmet Challenges for Water Quality and Human Health.

Environmental science & technology·2026

Same journal

Biodegradable Self-Powered Electrotherapy Patch for Integrated Smart Wound Management.

Analytical chemistry·2026

Same journal

Metabolite Fraction Libraries for Quantitative NMR Metabolomics.

Analytical chemistry·2026

Same journal

Self-Contained Lateral-Flow Microfluidic Bead-Based Assay for Rapid Quantification of Early-Stage Kidney Biomarkers.

Analytical chemistry·2026

Same journal

Overcoming the Debye Shielding Effect with Concave-Convex Structures for Sensitivity-Enhanced Thin-Film Transistors.

Analytical chemistry·2026

Same journal

Mode-Phase-Difference Photothermal Spectroscopy Assisted by a Bent Biconically Tapered Microfiber for Gas Sensing.

Analytical chemistry·2026

Same journal

Negative-Pressure-Actuated Microfluidics: A Dual-Mode Point-of-Care Sensor for Allergen-Specific IgE in Interstitial Fluid.

Analytical chemistry·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2025

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow

Published on: April 18, 2019

Exposome-Scale Investigation of Cl-/Br-Containing Chemicals Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Multistage

Tingting Zhao¹, Brian Low¹, Qiming Shen²

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.

Analytical Chemistry

|May 22, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces HalogenFinder, a cloud-based tool using machine learning to identify over 70% of unknown chlorine- and bromine-containing disinfection byproducts (Cl-/Br-DBPs) in water. HalogenFinder significantly advances environmental science and exposomics research.

More Related Videos

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 23, 2019

Analyzing Dynamic Protein Complexes Assembled On and Released From Biolayer Interferometry Biosensor Using Mass Spectrometry and Electron Microscopy

Analyzing Dynamic Protein Complexes Assembled On and Released From Biolayer Interferometry Biosensor Using Mass Spectrometry and Electron Microscopy

Published on: August 6, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2025

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow

Published on: April 18, 2019

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 23, 2019

Analyzing Dynamic Protein Complexes Assembled On and Released From Biolayer Interferometry Biosensor Using Mass Spectrometry and Electron Microscopy

Analyzing Dynamic Protein Complexes Assembled On and Released From Biolayer Interferometry Biosensor Using Mass Spectrometry and Electron Microscopy

Published on: August 6, 2018

Area of Science:

Environmental Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Computational Chemistry

Background:

Over 70% of organic halogens, specifically chlorine- and bromine-containing disinfection byproducts (Cl-/Br-DBPs), remain unidentified.
Extensive research over 50 years has not fully characterized these compounds, hindering environmental and health assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a streamlined, cloud-based workflow for efficient analysis and characterization of Cl-/Br-DBPs.
To introduce HalogenFinder, a user-friendly platform to aid the environmental chemistry community in identifying halogenated compounds.

Main Methods:

Integration of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) with multistage machine learning and cloud computing.
Utilizing heavy isotopic peaks and data perturbation for enhanced identification and data augmentation of Cl-/Br-compounds.
Development of HalogenFinder, a web-based platform with statistical analysis support via MetaboAnalyst.

Main Results:

Recognition of 22 types of Cl-/Br-compounds with up to 6 Br and 8 Cl atoms.
HalogenFinder outperformed established tools in recognizing authentic Cl-/Br-compounds and identifying halogen atom counts.
Identification of 72 Cl-/Br-DBPs in laboratory tests, with eight confirmed by chemical standards, and revealed temporal trends in Cl-DBP features.

Conclusions:

HalogenFinder effectively advances the identification of Cl-/Br-compounds in environmental science and exposomics.
The developed workflow enhances the characterization of complex halogenated organic compounds.
The user-friendly platform democratizes access to advanced analytical techniques for the broader scientific community.