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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Updated: May 5, 2026

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
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Aqueous Colloidal Perovskite Quantum Emitters.

Huajun He1, Bo Wang1, Xuhai Shen2

  • 1Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|May 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stable, water-dispersible halide perovskite nanocrystals (HPNCs) were developed using a novel room-temperature synthesis. These green HPNCs show high emission, excellent stability in water, and tunable colors for optofluidics and sensing applications.

Keywords:
in situ core‐shell self‐assemblyaqueous colloidal nanocrystalshalide perovskitesingle photon emissionstructural transformation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Aqueous nanoparticle dispersions are crucial for diagnostics and catalysis.
  • Halide perovskite nanocrystals (HPNCs) offer unique optoelectronic properties but degrade in water.
  • Controlling nanoparticle dispersion is key to product properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop stable, highly emissive HPNCs in aqueous environments.
  • To overcome moisture-induced degradation issues in HPNCs.
  • To enable new applications in optofluidics and nanoscale sensing.

Main Methods:

  • Facile room-temperature synthesis via in situ core-shell self-assembly.
  • Characterization of photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and zeta potential.
  • Measurement of aqueous solution phase single-photon emission and color tunability.

Main Results:

  • Achieved stable, mono-disperse, highly emissive HPNCs in water (>80% PLQY).
  • Demonstrated excellent water dispersion stability (>10,000 h, zeta potential >80 mV).
  • Observed single-photon emission at ultra-dilute concentrations (≈0.1 nM) and full Rec. 2020 color tunability.

Conclusions:

  • A novel method yields stable aqueous HPNCs, overcoming moisture sensitivity.
  • These HPNCs enable unprecedented aqueous single-photon emission and color tuning.
  • Findings pave the way for HPNCs in photonics, environmental science, and materials engineering.