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A Component-resolved Diagnostic Approach for a Study on Grass Pollen Allergens in Chinese Southerners with Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma
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Physiopathology of Allergic Asthma: A Comprehensive Review
Najla Ghrairi1,2, Youssef Zied Elhechmi2
1Immunology Laboratory, Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia.
Abstract:
Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterised by airway hyperresponsiveness, reversible airflow obstruction and chronic inflammation. Environmental allergens trigger a series of immune responses driven by a Th2-dominated immune system, along with innate cells like innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2) and effector cells such as mast cells, basophils and eosinophils. In addition to these immune pathways, genetic predisposition plays a crucial role in asthma onset. This review highlights the genetic basis of allergic asthma, the key immune responses, the mechanisms behind airway remodelling and advances in therapeutic strategies.
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Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Asthma-I: Introduction
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Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications
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Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes: