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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Mutations01:35

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
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DNA Distortion and Damage
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Melanoma on Chronically Sun-Damaged Skin: Deciphering Gene Expression Signatures.

Alejandra Avila1, Varsha Thakur1,2, Natalie Vincent1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Skin damaged by chronic sun exposure (CSDS) shows gene expression linked to inflammation and immune responses. These changes may promote melanoma development and progression in CSDS patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Melanoma is a leading cause of skin cancer deaths, with ultraviolet radiation exposure as a primary risk factor.
  • Melanomas developing on chronically sun-damaged skin (CSDS) exhibit a higher mutational burden.
  • Understanding the molecular changes in CSDS is crucial for melanoma research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gene expression signatures in skin samples from patients with melanoma on CSDS.
  • To identify molecular pathways contributing to melanomagenesis in CSDS.
  • To compare gene expression between CSDS and sun-protected skin in melanoma patients.

Main Methods:

  • Observational analysis of skin samples from 10 melanoma patients on CSDS.
  • Collection of paired skin samples: one from CSDS, one from sun-protected skin.
  • RNA sequencing and differential gene expression analysis to identify molecular signatures.

Main Results:

  • Four skin samples met quality standards for analysis.
  • Significant differences in gene expression were observed between CSDS and non-CSDS samples.
  • Overexpression of pathways in inflammation (IL-17 signaling), immune responses (ABC transporters), and oxidative phosphorylation in CSDS.

Conclusions:

  • CSDS provides a microenvironment conducive to melanoma development and progression.
  • Overexpressed inflammatory and immune response pathways in CSDS may interact with skin cells, promoting melanoma.
  • These findings highlight the role of CSDS in melanoma pathogenesis.