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Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues

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Published on: August 4, 2022

A Case Report of Rattlesnake Musk Exposure Causing Chemical Conjunctivitis.

Raj Patel¹, Melanie M Randall¹

¹Riverside University Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Moreno Valley, California.

Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine

|May 22, 2025

Summary

Rattlesnake musk sprayed into the eyes, though rare, can cause irritation and vision problems. Prompt irrigation and examination are key, with antivenom generally not recommended for this non-venomous exposure.

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Published on: August 23, 2015

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Toxicology
Herpetology

Background:

Rattlesnakes are venomous pit vipers known for their fangs and defensive musk.
Ocular exposure to rattlesnake musk is an uncommon event.
This case highlights a non-penetrating ocular exposure to rattlesnake musk.

Observation:

A patient experienced immediate eye pain and blurred vision after direct ocular exposure to rattlesnake musk.
Symptoms included subconjunctival hemorrhage, scleral injection, and corneal epithelial defects despite initial irrigation.
The patient received intravenous antivenom, but symptoms persisted.

Findings:

Non-penetrating rattlesnake musk ocular exposure can lead to significant ocular surface damage.
The patient's condition stabilized with continued irrigation, topical antibiotics, and artificial tears.
Full recovery occurred within one week without further intervention.

Implications:

Ocular exposure to rattlesnake musk requires immediate and copious irrigation.
A thorough ophthalmological examination is crucial for assessing the extent of injury.
Current evidence suggests that intravenous antivenom is not indicated for non-penetrating rattlesnake musk exposure.