Retroperitoneal Necrotizing Fasciitis Following Prolonged Physical Activity: A Case Report

Retroperitoneal necrotizing fasciitis is a rare, rapidly progressive, and often fatal infection of the retroperitoneum. In many cases the source of infection is unclear, and cutaneous signs of necrotizing fasciitis may be absent.

We present the case of a 64-year-old female with a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and breast cancer who developed acute kidney injury (AKI) and retroperitoneal necrotizing fasciitis following a 20-mile bike ride. The patient's initial symptoms included severe muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, and flank pain. Diagnostic imaging and laboratory results indicated myositis and severe AKI. Despite aggressive treatment with antibiotics, intravenous fluids, and pain management, the patient developed septic shock and multiorgan failure, ultimately leading to her death.

This case highlights the rapid progression and complexity of managing necrotizing fasciitis and AKI in the context of rhabdomyolysis. Early recognition and aggressive management are crucial in cases of suspected necrotizing fasciitis and AKI. Patients may not initially present with cutaneous findings suggestive of necrotizing fasciitis. Early involvement of a multidisciplinary team can improve patient outcomes in complex and rapidly deteriorating patients.