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Arterial Stiffness in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus or Excess Weight

Eirini Kostopoulou1, Marios Papasotiriou2, Evangelos Papachristou2

  • 1Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Patras, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.

American Journal of Hypertension
|May 22, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) or overweight/obesity show early signs of arterial stiffness. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) can help detect impaired vascular health in these pediatric populations.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric cardiology and endocrinology
  • Vascular physiology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease risk factors like pediatric obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) have origins in childhood.
  • Arterial stiffness is a key predictor of adult cardiovascular disease.
  • Early detection of subclinical vascular changes in children is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate arterial stiffness indices, including pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central blood pressure (cBP), in children and adolescents with T1DM or excess weight.
  • To identify early subclinical vascular alterations in these pediatric groups.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 199 participants aged 2-18 years: 96 with T1DM, 49 with overweight/obesity, and 54 healthy controls.
  • Measurements of PWV and cBP were conducted using the automated oscillometric device Mobil-O-Graph.

Main Results:

  • Children over 10 years with T1DM or overweight/obesity exhibited significantly higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and central SBP (cSBP) compared to controls.
  • Patients with overweight/obesity showed higher SBP, cSBP, and central diastolic blood pressure (cDBP) than T1DM patients.
  • Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was significantly elevated in both T1DM and overweight/obesity groups compared to controls, with higher PWV in the overweight/obesity group versus the T1DM group.

Conclusions:

  • Impaired arterial elasticity is evident in children over 10 years with T1DM and overweight/obesity, especially in the latter.
  • PWV shows potential as a diagnostic tool for assessing vascular health in pediatric patients with T1DM or excess weight.
Abstract

Keywords:
arterial stiffnesscentral blood pressurehypertensionobesitypulse wave velocitytype 1 diabetes

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