Myeloid Cells in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.

Area of Science:

• Vascular Biology
• Immunology
• Genomics

Background:

• Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a dangerous vascular condition with limited pharmacotherapy options.
• Myeloid cells are central to aortic inflammation and remodeling in AAA pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the role of myeloid cells in AAA pathogenesis.
• To highlight therapeutic targeting potential of myeloid cells in AAA.

Main Methods:

• Single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze myeloid cell diversity in AAA.
• Mechanistic studies on transcriptional, metabolic, and epigenetic regulators.
• Review of nanoparticle-targeted myeloid cell therapies.

Main Results:

• Macrophages are key regulators, influencing AAA initiation, progression, and repair.
• Neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells have distinct roles.
• Myeloid cell plasticity is regulated by various factors, with potential roles for clonal hematopoiesis and trained immunity.

Conclusions:

• Myeloid cells are pivotal in AAA pathogenesis through inflammation and remodeling.
• Therapeutic strategies targeting myeloid cell heterogeneity are promising but face challenges.
• Future research should focus on spatial multi-omics, precision therapies, and combinatorial approaches for AAA treatment.