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Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
Published on: September 19, 2019
Racial socialization as critical action? Connecting Black and White parents' critical consciousness to their
Brandon D Dull1, Leoandra Onnie Rogers1
1Department of Comparative Human Development, University of Chicago.
Abstract:
Parents' critical consciousness has been theorized to facilitate race conversations that center on how social structures, policies, and historical factors perpetuate inequities, but few studies have investigated this link empirically. The current analysis examines the associations between Black and white parents' critical consciousness and their anti-racist socialization amid the 2020 Black Lives Matter movement. Participants were 725 parents (344 Black, 381 white, Mage = 38.08, SD = 7.00) of 8- to 11-year-old children who completed an online survey between October 2020 and January 2021, following the murder of George Floyd. Using latent profile analysis, the results show how Black and white parents' critical consciousness profiles are differentially related to whether and how they discussed Black Lives Matter with their children. Overall, both Black and white parents with higher levels of critical consciousness were more likely to engage in anti-racist socialization that countered dominant white supremacist and anti-Black ideologies, though fewer white parents did so than Black parents. The article discusses the implications of the findings for fostering critical racial socialization practices and offers a (re)conceptualization of racial socialization as a form of critical action for parents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
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