A new method for synthesizing hydroxyapatite from eggshell and sludge and its calcination exploration.

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Green Chemistry
• Waste Management

Background:

• Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is crucial for biomedical and environmental applications.
• Eggshell and sludge waste pose disposal challenges.
• Sustainable and cost-effective HAP synthesis is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a novel, low-cost synthesis of HAP using waste materials.
• To investigate the impact of calcination parameters on HAP microstructure.
• To characterize the synthesized HAP for potential applications.

Main Methods:

• Utilized eggshells as a calcium source and sludge as a phosphorus source.
• Employed a simplified chemical synthesis process.
• Optimized calcination at 600°C for 3 hours.
• Characterized HAP using XRF, XRD, FTIR, TG, XPS, and SEM.

Main Results:

• Successfully synthesized high-purity HAP from waste.
• Optimized calcination significantly improved crystallinity and porosity.
• Achieved a 95% enhancement in Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area (57.23 m²/g).
• Demonstrated exceptional physicochemical properties.

Conclusions:

• A green, cost-effective HAP synthesis route using waste eggshells and sludge was established.
• The synthesized HAP exhibits significant potential for environmental remediation and biomedical engineering.
• This method offers a sustainable approach to waste utilization and HAP production.