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Bovine mitochondrial ribosomes. Elongation factor specificity.

S L Eberly, V Locklear, L L Spremulli

    The Journal of Biological Chemistry
    |July 25, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Bovine mitochondrial ribosomes effectively use bacterial elongation factor-Tu (EF-Tu) but not bacterial elongation factor-G (EF-G). This suggests distinct evolutionary pathways for these essential protein synthesis factors in mitochondria.

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    Interaction of mammalian mitochondrial elongation factor EF-Tu with guanine nucleotides.

    Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society·2000

    Area of Science:

    • Mitochondrial Biology
    • Molecular Genetics
    • Protein Synthesis

    Background:

    • Mitochondria possess their own protein synthesis machinery, including ribosomes and elongation factors, which share similarities with bacterial systems.
    • Understanding the evolutionary relationships and functional compatibility of mitochondrial components with their prokaryotic and eukaryotic counterparts is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the functional activity of bovine mitochondrial ribosomes with elongation factors from diverse sources.
    • To determine the cross-reactivity and specificity of bovine mitochondrial ribosomes towards various elongation factors (EFs).

    Main Methods:

    • In vitro assays were performed to assess the activity of bovine mitochondrial ribosomes.
    • Elongation factors were sourced from various organisms, including lower eukaryotes (Euglena gracilis), bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis), and eukaryotic cytoplasm.
    • Phenylalanine polymerization activity dependent on poly(U) was measured under varying Mg2+ and monovalent ion concentrations.

    Main Results:

    • Bovine mitochondrial ribosomes showed activity with homologous mitochondrial elongation factor-G (EF-G) but not with bacterial EF-G or cytoplasmic EF-2.
    • Significant activity was observed when using bacterial EF-Tu (E. coli, B. subtilis) and Euglena chloroplast EF-Tu, indicating functional compatibility.
    • Cytoplasmic EF-1 exhibited minimal activity with bovine mitochondrial ribosomes.

    Conclusions:

    • Bovine mitochondrial ribosomes demonstrate a specific pattern of interaction with elongation factors, favoring bacterial EF-Tu over EF-G.
    • This suggests differential evolutionary conservation and functional adaptation of elongation factors within the mitochondrial protein synthesis system.
    • The findings contribute to understanding the complex evolutionary history of mitochondria and their reliance on specific prokaryotic-like machinery.

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