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Channel Rhodopsins

Channel Rhodopsins

Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...

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Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Strategic Screening and Characterization of the Visual GPCR-mini-G Protein Signaling Complex for Successful Crystallization

Strategic Screening and Characterization of the Visual GPCR-mini-G Protein Signaling Complex for Successful Crystallization

Published on: March 16, 2020

Engineering of soluble bacteriorhodopsin.

Andrey Nikolaev¹, Yaroslav Orlov¹, Fedor Tsybrov¹

¹Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Dolgoprudny Russia ivan.gushchin@phystech.edu.

Chemical Science

|May 23, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers engineered soluble proteins called NeuroBRs that mimic membrane proteins like bacteriorhodopsin. These stable, light-sensitive proteins bind retinal and offer new tools for studying protein chemistry and optogenetics.

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Structural Biology
Protein Engineering

Background:

Membrane protein studies are difficult due to their need for lipid environments.
Machine learning offers potential for creating soluble protein analogs.

Purpose of the Study:

To engineer soluble analogs of membrane proteins that retain function.
To create functional mimics of bacteriorhodopsin using protein engineering.

Main Methods:

Utilized machine learning-based protein engineering.
Designed and characterized novel soluble proteins (NeuroBRs).
Determined the crystallographic structure of NeuroBR_A.

Main Results:

Successfully engineered soluble, stable NeuroBR proteins.
NeuroBRs bind retinal and exhibit light-driven photocycles.
Crystallography confirmed a conserved retinal-binding pocket and tertiary structure.

Conclusions:

NeuroBRs serve as effective soluble mimics of microbial rhodopsins.
These proteins are valuable for studying retinal photochemistry.
NeuroBRs represent potential soluble effector modules for optogenetics.