Comparative morphological characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza B virus using atomic force microscopy

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Microscopy
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Influenza B virus and SARS-CoV-2 are significant respiratory pathogens with overlapping clinical symptoms.
• Microstructural similarities between these viruses complicate accurate diagnosis.
• Distinguishing between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza B virus is crucial for effective treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate and compare the three-dimensional structures and surface features of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza B virus.
• To identify key morphological differences for diagnostic purposes.
• To provide insights for differentiating these two major respiratory viruses.

Main Methods:

• Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was employed to analyze the surface morphology and microstructure of both viruses.
• Quantitative measurements of particle diameter, height, and surface structure were performed.
• Comparative analysis of surface features, including the characteristic crown-like spikes, was conducted.

Main Results:

• Significant differences in surface morphology and structure were observed between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza B virus.
• SARS-CoV-2 particles exhibited a larger average diameter (222.8 nm) and height (30-60 nm) compared to influenza B virus (191.2 nm diameter, 10-30 nm height).
• The crown-like spike structures on SARS-CoV-2 were found to be sparser and more prominent than those on influenza B virus.

Conclusions:

• Atomic Force Microscopy effectively differentiates SARS-CoV-2 and influenza B virus based on distinct structural and morphological characteristics.
• These findings contribute to the accurate characterization of these viruses, supporting differential diagnosis.
• Understanding these structural distinctions facilitates the development of timely and effective therapeutic interventions for respiratory infections.