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Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing
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A Modular Approach for Leadless Pacing.

Wissam Mekary1, Sonya Vijayvargiya1, Celine Mouawad1

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Section of Electrophysiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology
|May 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The AVEIR leadless pacemaker (LP) offers a modular approach to pacing, reducing complications. This novel device allows for single or dual-chamber implantation, improving patient outcomes and device longevity.

Keywords:
AVEIRatrial leadlessleadless pacingsinus node dysfunctionventricular leadless

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • The AVEIR leadless pacemaker (LP) is a new device for single or dual-chamber pacing.
  • It enables treatment of sinus node dysfunction without transvenous pacemakers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the outcomes of AVEIR leadless pacemaker implantation.
  • To assess complication rates and device performance in a real-world setting.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 89 patients receiving AVEIR LPs between 2022-2025.
  • Data collected on patient characteristics, indications, outcomes, and electrical parameters.
  • Follow-up for device performance and complications.

Main Results:

  • 89 patients received single-atrial (37), single-ventricular (34), or dual-chamber (18) AVEIR LPs.
  • Major complication rate was 3.4%, minor rate 1.1%.
  • 2.3% required upgrade to CRT-D; 2.7% needed additional ventricular LP.

Conclusions:

  • A modular pacing strategy with AVEIR LPs minimizes cardiac hardware.
  • This approach reduces complications like perforation and dislodgment.
  • Optimized battery longevity is a key benefit.