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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

4.9K
Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

10.9K
Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
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Morphology-dependent Ni/TiO2 catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation.

Bo Wang1, Bo Peng2, Aiping Jia3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, iChEM, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China. qiankun@ustc.edu.cn.

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This study shows that oxidized nickel (Ni) nanoparticles with more basic sites enhance carbon dioxide (CO2) hydrogenation to carbon monoxide (CO). Ni/TiO2{001} proves effective for CO production.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Nickel nanoparticles are crucial catalysts for various chemical reactions.
  • Understanding the influence of nanoparticle chemical states is key to optimizing catalytic performance.
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) hydrogenation is an important process for chemical synthesis and carbon utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the chemical states of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles affect CO2 hydrogenation.
  • To correlate nanoparticle properties with catalytic activity and selectivity.
  • To identify optimal conditions for selective CO2 conversion to CO.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of similarly sized Ni nanoparticles with varying chemical states.
  • Gas-phase CO2 hydrogenation reactions.
  • Analysis of reaction products and catalyst properties using techniques like chemisorption and spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • A higher concentration of weakly basic sites on Ni nanoparticles correlates with enhanced CO2 activation.
  • Oxidized Ni species were found to promote selective hydrogenation of CO2 to CO.
  • The Ni/TiO2{001} catalyst demonstrated high efficiency for CO production.

Conclusions:

  • The chemical state of Ni nanoparticles significantly impacts CO2 hydrogenation pathways and product selectivity.
  • Optimizing basic sites and utilizing oxidized Ni species are effective strategies for selective CO production.
  • Ni/TiO2{001} is a promising catalyst for efficient CO generation from CO2 hydrogenation.