Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

61.4K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
61.4K
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

15.1K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
15.1K
Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

64.2K
Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
64.2K
Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

34.9K
The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
34.9K
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

24.0K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
24.0K
Radical Formation: Homolysis00:54

Radical Formation: Homolysis

3.7K
A bond is formed between two atoms by sharing two electrons. When this bond is broken by supplying sufficient energy, either two electrons can be taken up by one atom forming ions by the cleavage called heterolysis, or the two electrons are shared by two atoms, with one each creating radicals by the cleavage called homolysis.
3.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Beyond unit cells: Programmable morphogenetic design of irregular architected materials.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Publisher Correction: In situ nanocrystal confinement for efficient blue perovskite LEDs.

Nature·2026
Same author

Optical cooling by interfacial charge transfer in 2D heterostructures.

Nature·2026
Same author

High-Entropy Perovskite Oxide Enables Visible-Light-Driven Overall Water Splitting via "inner-Z-Scheme" Pathway.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

In situ nanocrystal confinement for efficient blue perovskite LEDs.

Nature·2026
Same author

Ion-shielding ultrathin encapsulation with hot-press bonded interface enables chronic stretchable bioelectronics.

Science advances·2026
Same journal

Proton-Gated Torsional Spring for Molecular Energy Storage.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Topologically Programmed Dual-Channel Covalent Organic Frameworks Decouple Gas and Ion Fluxes for Acidic CO<sub>2</sub> Electroreduction.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Plasmonic Re-Excitation Enables Superoxide-Mediated Ethane Conversion to Acetic Acid under Visible Light.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Photocatalytic Controlled Halodefluorination of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds Using <i>N</i>-Arylphenothiazines.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Photoinduced Disproportionation Enables Oxidative Addition of Aryl Iodides at a Gallium(I) Center.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Biocatalytic C3 β-<i>O</i>-Glycosylation of Triterpenes and Sterols to Synthesize Natural and Unnatural Saponins.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

A Microfluidic Approach for the Study of Ice and Clathrate Hydrate Crystallization
08:01

A Microfluidic Approach for the Study of Ice and Clathrate Hydrate Crystallization

Published on: August 18, 2022

3.2K

Direct Ice Splitting into H2 and O2 Enabled by High Ionic Conductivity.

Bohan Deng1,2, Guangqiang Yu3, Wei Zhao1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers have successfully split solid-state ice into hydrogen and oxygen at temperatures as low as -40 °C. This breakthrough utilizes ice as a solid electrolyte, enabling efficient energy conversion and storage in sub-zero conditions.

More Related Videos

An Externally-Heated Diamond Anvil Cell for Synthesis and Single-Crystal Elasticity Determination of Ice-VII at High Pressure-Temperature Conditions
07:48

An Externally-Heated Diamond Anvil Cell for Synthesis and Single-Crystal Elasticity Determination of Ice-VII at High Pressure-Temperature Conditions

Published on: June 18, 2020

6.9K
The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids
10:03

The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids

Published on: September 30, 2014

26.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 20, 2025

A Microfluidic Approach for the Study of Ice and Clathrate Hydrate Crystallization
08:01

A Microfluidic Approach for the Study of Ice and Clathrate Hydrate Crystallization

Published on: August 18, 2022

3.2K
An Externally-Heated Diamond Anvil Cell for Synthesis and Single-Crystal Elasticity Determination of Ice-VII at High Pressure-Temperature Conditions
07:48

An Externally-Heated Diamond Anvil Cell for Synthesis and Single-Crystal Elasticity Determination of Ice-VII at High Pressure-Temperature Conditions

Published on: June 18, 2020

6.9K
The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids
10:03

The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids

Published on: September 30, 2014

26.5K

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Molecular splitting of H2O (water) is crucial for energy conversion and storage.
  • While liquid water splitting is established, solid-state ice decomposition remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate direct ice splitting at sub-zero temperatures.
  • To investigate ice as a solid electrolyte for electrochemical applications.
  • To explore new avenues for energy conversion and storage using ice.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical analysis of solid-state ice.
  • Measurement of proton and hydroxide conduction in ice.
  • Voltage and current density measurements for ice splitting.
  • Energy efficiency calculations at sub-zero temperatures.

Main Results:

  • Successful direct splitting of ice demonstrated at temperatures as low as -40 °C.
  • Ice functions as a high-performance solid electrolyte for proton and hydroxide conduction.
  • Proton mobility in ice is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than in liquid water.
  • Ice splitting achieved at 2.18 V with ~70% energy efficiency at -10 °C.
  • Circumvention of hydrogen crossover issues inherent in liquid water splitting.

Conclusions:

  • Ice can be directly split electrochemically at sub-zero temperatures, opening new energy conversion pathways.
  • Ice serves as an effective solid electrolyte, outperforming liquid water in terms of proton mobility and avoiding hydrogen crossover.
  • These findings offer novel insights into electrochemical processes in ice and present opportunities for low-temperature energy storage solutions.