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Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and retinal vasculitis (RV) face similar long-term risks of death, heart attack, and dialysis compared to those without RV. However, SLE/RV patients show an increased stroke risk over 5-10 years.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease.
  • Retinal vasculitis (RV) is a serious ocular manifestation of SLE.
  • Long-term outcomes for patients with SLE and RV require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the long-term incidence of death, myocardial infarction (MI), dialysis, and stroke in patients diagnosed with SLE and RV.
  • To compare these outcomes with matched cohorts without RV.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized TriNetX, a federated electronic health records network, to identify 435 patients with SLE/RV from 2004 to 2024.
  • Matched patients based on age, sex, race, and propensity score.
  • Excluded patients with prior MI, dialysis, or cerebrovascular complications.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant differences in the risk of death, MI, or dialysis were observed between SLE/RV and control cohorts at 5 and 10 years.
  • An increased risk of stroke was identified in the SLE/RV cohort at 5 and 10 years post-diagnosis.
  • No significant difference in stroke risk was found at the 1-year mark.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with SLE and RV share similar long-term risks for death, MI, and dialysis compared to those without RV.
  • SLE/RV patients demonstrate an elevated risk of stroke in the 5-10 years following diagnosis.
  • Multidisciplinary care is crucial for managing the increased stroke risk in SLE/RV patients.