How excitation-emission matrices have revolutionised multi-way data analyses - A tutorial for multi-way EEM-based...

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Spectroscopy
• Data Analysis

Background:

• Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy is a versatile analytical technique.
• It is widely used across analytical chemistry, biological, food, and environmental sciences.
• While second-order EEM data analysis is established, third-order data analysis is an emerging research frontier.

Purpose of the Study:

• To trace the evolution of multi-way data analysis in EEM fluorescence spectroscopy.
• To focus on the application of multidimensional fluorescence in analytical contexts.
• To discuss challenges and trends in analytical calibration method development for EEM data.

Main Methods:

• Review of multi-way data analysis techniques applied to EEM fluorescence spectroscopy.
• Discussion of instrumental, methodological, and practical aspects of EEM data analysis.
• Focus on challenges in generating and analyzing third-order EEM data.

Main Results:

• EEM fluorescence spectroscopy provides rich, higher-order analytical data.
• Third-order EEM data analysis presents unique challenges and opportunities.
• Advancements in multi-way analysis are crucial for expanding EEM applications.

Conclusions:

• This tutorial provides guidance on overcoming obstacles in multi-way EEM data analysis.
• It highlights emerging trends and critical issues in analytical calibration.
• The study aims to empower researchers in advancing their EEM-based research endeavors.