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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport01:17

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport

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Pore transport and ion-pair formation are critical mechanisms for the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body.
Pore transport, also known as convective transport, is a process where small molecules like urea, water, and sugars rapidly cross cell membranes as though there were channels or pores in the membrane. Although direct microscopic evidence is limited  but the concept of pores or channels is widely accepted based on physiological evidence. Despite the lack of direct...
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Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

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Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
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Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

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Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
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Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
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Membrane-Ion Interactions Creating Dual-Nanoconfined Channels for Superior Mixed Ion Separations.

Guangcheng Wang1, Lu Shao2, Sui Zhang1,3

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|May 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Covalent organic framework (COF) membranes with dual-nanoconfined channels achieve superior separation of mixed monovalent and multivalent ions. This novel design principle offers remarkable selectivity for practical ion separation applications.

Keywords:
covalent organic frameworksdual‐nanoconfined channelsion separation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Ion transport membranes are critical for various applications.
  • Existing membranes exhibit poor selectivity in mixed ion environments.
  • Developing advanced membranes for selective ion separation is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate dual-nanoconfined channels in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for enhanced mixed ion separation.
  • To investigate the mechanism of selective ion transport in COF membranes.
  • To achieve high selectivity for monovalent/multivalent ion separation.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of COF membranes with acidic functionalities and controlled pore sizes.
  • Experimental evaluation of mixed ion selectivity (e.g., Li+/Mg2+, mono-/trivalent ions).
  • Molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate ion transport mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high selectivity for mixed Li+/Mg2+ ions (>1,300) and mono-/trivalent ions (>9,000).
  • Demonstrated effective shielding of monovalent ions by multivalent ion interactions with acidic sites.
  • Confirmed the dual-nanoconfinement effect enabling selective ion passage.

Conclusions:

  • Dual-nanoconfinement in COFs provides a new design strategy for superior mixed ion separation.
  • The developed COF membranes show potential for practical applications requiring high ion selectivity.
  • This approach offers a fundamental advancement in membrane-based ion separation technology.