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Natural and artificial siderophores: Iron-based applications and beyond
Zih-Jheng Lin1, Cheng-Yu Fang1, Tsung-Shing Andrew Wang1
1Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan, ROC.
Current Opinion in Chemical Biology
|May 24, 2025
Summary
Siderophores, iron chelators from microbes, are vital for drug delivery and diagnostics. Research into artificial siderophores expands their medical applications by enhancing stability and metal binding capabilities.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Microbiology
- Medicinal Chemistry
Background:
- Siderophores are microbial iron chelators crucial for nutrient acquisition.
- Natural siderophores and their conjugates serve as antibiotics and diagnostic imaging agents.
- Microbial iron uptake systems facilitate targeted delivery of functional molecules.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in natural and artificial siderophore applications.
- To highlight the potential of siderophores in medicine and diagnostics.
- To discuss future challenges in siderophore-based research.
Main Methods:
- Review of literature on natural and artificial siderophore synthesis and applications.
- Analysis of strategies for developing artificial siderophores (backbone fine-tuning, artificial chelation moieties, metal swapping).
- Exploration of siderophore conjugates for drug delivery and medical imaging.
Main Results:
- Siderophore conjugates enable targeted delivery of antibiotics and imaging agents into cells.
- Artificial siderophores offer improved stability and broader metal-chelating diversity.
- Artificial siderophores can bind biorelated metals and radioactive isotopes for expanded applications.
Conclusions:
- Siderophores represent a versatile platform for drug delivery and diagnostics.
- Artificial siderophore development significantly broadens their therapeutic and imaging potential.
- Further research is needed to overcome challenges and fully realize the clinical applications of siderophores.
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