Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Lipid Metabolism01:24

Overview of Lipid Metabolism

2.6K
Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
Lipolysis is the process of breaking down lipids, particularly triglycerides, into glycerol and fatty acids. This process typically occurs in the adipose tissue and is triggered by various hormones, including glucagon and...
2.6K
Obesity01:24

Obesity

631
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
631
Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

9.9K
Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
9.9K
Lipid Catabolism01:25

Lipid Catabolism

182
Triglycerides serve as crucial long-term energy storage molecules in microorganisms, providing a dense source of metabolic energy. Their breakdown is mediated by lipases, which hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids. Each of these components follows distinct metabolic pathways, ultimately contributing to ATP synthesis and cellular energy homeostasis.Glycerol MetabolismGlycerol, released from triglyceride hydrolysis, is phosphorylated by glycerol kinase to form...
182
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

11.8K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
11.8K
Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism01:28

Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism

31.8K
Lipids also are sources of energy that power cellular processes. Like carbohydrates, lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but these atoms are arranged differently. Most lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic. Major types include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
Fatty acids are catabolized in a process called beta-oxidation, which takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and converts their fatty acid chains into two-carbon units of acetyl groups. The acetyl...
31.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Author Correction: The rhythmic coupling of Egr-1 and Cidea regulates age-related metabolic dysfunction in the liver of male mice.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Palladium-Catalyzed Selective Alkylation of 2-Alkynyl Allyl Ethers with Hydrazones <i>via HOME</i>-Chemistry.

Organic letters·2026
Same author

Modular synthesis of trisubstituted olefins and 1,3-dienes from renewable alcohols via ligand-enabled nickel catalysis.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Precision indole skeletal editing for single-carbon replacement.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Hepatic GGPP triggers visceral adipose hypertrophy via binding with adipocyte ACSL1 in metabolic unhealthy obesity.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Ligand-Switched Regiodivergent Fluoroallylic Alkylation of Secondary Nitroalkanes via an Unusual Inner-Sphere Pathway.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

An Experimental Model of Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rabbit: Methodological Considerations, Development, and Assessment
10:31

An Experimental Model of Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rabbit: Methodological Considerations, Development, and Assessment

Published on: April 20, 2018

10.8K

Elevated mevalonolactone from Ruminococcus torques contributes to metabolically unhealthy obesity development.

Hong-Yu Nie1, Meng-Fei Zhao1, Tian-Yu Wu2

  • 1Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of the Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|May 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A gut bacterium, Ruminococcus torques, and its metabolite mevalonolactone (MVL) are identified as key contributors to metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) by impacting insulin resistance and metabolic disorders.

Keywords:
Ruminococcus torques (R.torques)geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP)metabolically healthy obesitymetabolically unhealthy obesitymevalonolactone (MVL)

More Related Videos

Isolation, Characterization, and Purification of Macrophages from Tissues Affected by Obesity-related Inflammation
07:46

Isolation, Characterization, and Purification of Macrophages from Tissues Affected by Obesity-related Inflammation

Published on: April 3, 2017

25.5K
Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
09:40

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Published on: January 19, 2017

11.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 20, 2025

An Experimental Model of Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rabbit: Methodological Considerations, Development, and Assessment
10:31

An Experimental Model of Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rabbit: Methodological Considerations, Development, and Assessment

Published on: April 20, 2018

10.8K
Isolation, Characterization, and Purification of Macrophages from Tissues Affected by Obesity-related Inflammation
07:46

Isolation, Characterization, and Purification of Macrophages from Tissues Affected by Obesity-related Inflammation

Published on: April 3, 2017

25.5K
Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
09:40

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Published on: January 19, 2017

11.8K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Metabolic disease mechanisms
  • Gut-host interactions

Background:

  • Obesity is classified into metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) and metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), but the underlying mechanisms are unclear.
  • Understanding the gut microbiome's role in metabolic health is crucial for developing targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of gut microbiota and fecal metabolome in distinguishing MUO from MHO.
  • To identify specific microbial and metabolic factors contributing to insulin resistance and metabolic disorders in MUO.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of gut microbiota and fecal metabolome in MUO and MHO individuals.
  • Administration of Ruminococcus torques and mevalonolactone in mouse models to assess their impact on obesity phenotype.
  • Investigation of the molecular pathway involving mevalonolactone, ZNF384, and GGPPS.

Main Results:

  • Ruminococcus torques and its metabolite mevalonolactone (MVL) were identified as risk factors for insulin resistance and metabolic disorders.
  • Administration of R. torques or MVL induced a MUO phenotype in mice.
  • MVL was found to directly bind to transcription factor ZNF384, influencing GGPPS expression and promoting insulin resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Abnormal colonization of R. torques in the gut increases MVL levels, contributing to MUO development.
  • The R. torques-MVL-ZNF384-GGPPS pathway is a novel mechanism linking gut microbiota to insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction.
  • Targeting R. torques or MVL may offer therapeutic strategies for managing MUO.