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Neuroprotective nutrients in pregnancy and infant brain function.

D N Christifano1, K Liao2, N B Mathis1

  • 1Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA.

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|May 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Maternal intake of neuroprotective nutrients like docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and choline is linked to infant brain function. These nutrients, including carotenoids, positively influence early brain development and responses.

Keywords:
CholineDocosahexaenoic acidInfant neurodevelopmentMaternal diet

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Nutritional Science
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Maternal nutrition significantly impacts infant brain development, yet specific neuroprotective nutrient effects remain understudied.
  • Key nutrients like docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), choline, and carotenoids are crucial for infant brain structure and function.
  • Egg intake is a dietary source of these essential neuroprotective nutrients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between maternal intake of DHA, choline, lutein/zeaxanthin (L/Z), and egg consumption with infant brain function.
  • To analyze how maternal red blood cell DHA status relates to infant neurodevelopmental markers.
  • To explore interactions between maternal nutrients and their combined effects on infant brain responses.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of data from 241 pregnant women and their infants.
  • Assessment of maternal nutrient intake (choline, carotenoids, eggs) via food frequency questionnaires and surveys at 32 weeks gestation.
  • Measurement of maternal DHA status and infant brain function using high-density electroencephalogram (EEG) event-related potentials (ERPs) at 1 and 6 months of age.

Main Results:

  • Maternal DHA status at 1 month was associated with greater delta-band spectral power to auditory stimuli.
  • Maternal choline, L/Z, and DHA, individually and interactively, influenced power to auditory stimuli.
  • At 6 months, maternal choline and DHA status were linked to shorter latency and greater amplitude to visual stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal intake of neuroprotective nutrients, including DHA and choline, is associated with measurable markers of infant brain function.
  • Specific nutrient interactions may play a role in modulating infant neural responses to auditory and visual stimuli.
  • This study highlights the importance of maternal nutrition for optimizing infant neurodevelopment.