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Individuals with methamphetamine use disorder struggle with long-term planning due to "aversive pruning," a difficulty in choosing plans that involve short-term negative outcomes, increasing relapse risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Methamphetamine use disorder (iMUDs) is linked to impaired decision-making and difficulty with long-term outcome evaluation.
  • Aversive interoceptive states like stress and withdrawal exacerbate relapse risk in iMUDs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the computational mechanisms of planning in iMUDs.
  • To examine how inducing an aversive interoceptive state impacts planning and decision-making in iMUDs.

Main Methods:

  • 40 individuals with iMUDs and 49 healthy controls performed a multi-step planning task.
  • The task was conducted with and without an anxiogenic breathing resistance manipulation to induce an aversive state.
  • Computational modeling was used to analyze planning strategies.

Main Results:

  • iMUDs exhibited a specific deficit in identifying optimal plans requiring endurance of negative short-term outcomes, termed 'aversive pruning'.
  • Increased craving levels in iMUDs correlated with more pronounced aversive pruning.
  • The induction of an aversive state did not significantly alter this core deficit but was associated with craving.

Conclusions:

  • Aversive pruning deficits represent a novel computational mechanism contributing to poor decision-making in iMUDs.
  • This deficit may underlie vulnerability to relapse in individuals recovering from methamphetamine use disorder.
  • Targeting aversive pruning could offer new therapeutic avenues for iMUD treatment.