Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Simple Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Freely Moving Mice
Published on: February 24, 2023
Temporal Glycemic Patterns in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From Extended Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Tomoki Okuno1,2, Lucas Sort3, Bowen Zhang1
1Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Background:
Achieving optimal glycemic control for persons with diabetes remains difficult. Real-world continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data can illuminate previously underrecognized glycemic fluctuations. We aimed to characterize glucose trajectories in individuals with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, and to examine how baseline glycemic control, CGM usage frequency, and regional differences shape these patterns.
Methods:
We linked Dexcom CGM data (2015-2020) with Veterans Health Administration electronic health records, identifying 892 Type 1 and 1716 Type 2 diabetes patients. Analyses focused on the first three years of CGM use, encompassing over 2.1 million glucose readings. We explored temporal trends in average daily glucose and time-in-range values.
Results:
Both Type 1 and Type 2 cohorts exhibited a gradual rise in mean daily glucose over time, although higher CGM usage frequency was associated with lower overall glucose or attenuated increases. Notable weekly patterns emerged: Sundays consistently showed the highest glucose values, whereas Wednesdays tended to have the lowest. Seasonally, glycemic control deteriorated from October to February and rebounded from April to August, with more pronounced fluctuations in the Northeast compared to the Southwest U.S.
Conclusions:
Our findings underscore the importance of recognizing day-of-week and seasonal glycemic variations in diabetes management. Tailoring interventions to account for these real-world fluctuations may enhance patient engagement, optimize glycemic control, and ultimately improve health outcomes.
More Related Videos
06:59Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
Published on: November 13, 2016
08:13Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT
Published on: January 7, 2018
Related Concept Videos
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations
Hyperglycemia
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications