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Iridium Oxide-reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid Thin Film Modified Screen-printed Electrodes as Disposable Electrochemical Paper Microfluidic pH Sensors

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Sustainable Fully Inkjet-Printed Humidity Sensor Based on Ionic Liquid and Hydroxypropyl Cellulose.

Mikel Rincón-Iglesias^1,2,3, Peter Krebsbach^2,3, Daniela M Correia⁴

¹BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Bldg. Martina Casiano, UPV/EHU Science Park Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|May 25, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a sustainable, dual-response humidity sensor made using inkjet printing. The sensor offers both electrical and visual detection of humidity, addressing e-waste concerns from Internet of Things devices.

Keywords:

Cellulose Humidity Inkjet Printing Ionic Liquid Sensors

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Hybrid Printing for the Fabrication of Smart Sensors

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Published on: January 31, 2019

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Sensor Technology
Environmental Science

Background:

Growing Internet of Things (IoT) adoption increases global e-waste.
There is an urgent need for sustainable sensor technologies to mitigate environmental impact.
Existing sensors often lack eco-friendly materials and manufacturing processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a fully inkjet-printed, dual-response humidity sensor using sustainable materials.
To investigate the performance of a sensor based on hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and an ionic liquid ([Bmim]2[NiCl4]).
To explore the potential of this sensor for various environmental and industrial applications.

Main Methods:

Inkjet printing of an active layer comprising HPC and [Bmim]2[NiCl4] on silver electrodes.
Optimization of ink formulation including HPC, ionic liquid, ethylene glycol, water, and Tergitol.
Characterization of the sensor's electrical and visual responses to varying relative humidity (RH).

Main Results:

The optimized sensor (50 wt % IL) showed a proportional electrical response from 30-90% RH with high sensitivity (163), low hysteresis (1.5 RH%), and fast response (0.8 s).
A visible color change from colorless to cyan was observed upon dehydration, detectable by the naked eye below 30% RH.
HPC and the ionic liquid demonstrated excellent compatibility, forming homogeneous films.

Conclusions:

The developed inkjet-printed dual-response humidity sensor utilizes sustainable materials and low-cost fabrication.
This sensor offers both electrical and visual detection capabilities, making it versatile.
Potential applications include environmental monitoring, smart agriculture, fire safety, and food quality control.