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Schinus terebinthifolius essential oil and its major component delta-3-carene induce antinociception mediated by
Gabriel Carvalho de Souza Santana1, Maria Vitória Abreu Cardoso de Jesus1, Anna Beatriz Oliveira Cruz1
1School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, 40.170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
Ethnopharmacological Relevance:
Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi. (Anacardiaceae) is a South American species that widely occurs in Brazil, where it is popularly known as "pimenta rosa". S. terebinthifolius essential oil (STEO) is traditionally used for pain management.
Aim Of The Study:
To investigate the antinociceptive effects of inhaled STEO and its mechanisms of action.
Materials And Methods:
Male Swiss mice were exposed to STEO (150-600 μL) via inhalation and assessed for thermal nociception (tail flick test) and motor integrity (rota-rod test). Functional antagonism assays were performed to investigate mechanisms of action. STEO was chemically characterized by GC/MS, and its major component, delta-3-carene (D3C), was tested for antinociceptive activity. SwissADME was used to predict D3C druggability.
Results:
Inhalation of STEO (300-600 μL) significantly elevated thermal nociceptive thresholds without impairing motor performance. Methysergide, but not naloxone or yohimbine, reversed STEO-induced antinociception, implying serotonergic receptor involvement. D3C was identified as the major constituent of STEO and, when administered orally (1.5-25 mg/kg), also promoted antinociceptive effects reversed by methysergide. In silico pharmacokinetics predicted favorable drug-like properties for D3C, supporting its role in STEO's antinociceptive effects.
Conclusions:
STEO inhalation promoted antinociception mediated by serotonergic receptors, corroborating its traditional use. D3C was likely a significant contributor to STEO's antinociceptive properties.
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