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Related Concept Videos

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

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The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

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The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride01:26

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Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation...
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Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
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Grafted Disulfide-Linked Linear Polymers for Heterogeneous Thiyl Radical Photocatalysis.

Sunil Kumar1,2, Bolormaa Bayarkhuu1, Jueun Park1

  • 1Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|May 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces Poly-SS, a novel polymer for dynamic disulfide bond photocatalysis. It efficiently converts diarylalkynes to diketones, offering a recyclable and robust alternative to molecular catalysts.

Keywords:
disulfidegrafted polymerheterogeneous photocatalysisphotooxidationthiyl radical

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Photocatalysis
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Dynamic disulfide bonds are key for reversible photocatalysts.
  • Developing stable and reusable photocatalysts remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce Poly-SS, a novel polymer for heterogeneous thiyl radical photocatalysis.
  • Leverage dynamic disulfide linkages for enhanced catalyst performance and recyclability.

Main Methods:

  • Grafting linear disulfide-containing polymers onto a polyvinyl backbone.
  • Utilizing photoirradiation for thiyl radical generation.
  • Assessing photocatalytic efficiency in aerobic oxidation reactions.

Main Results:

  • Poly-SS demonstrated high efficiency in aerobic oxidation of diarylalkynes to 1,2-diketones (>99% conversion).
  • The polyvinyl backbone facilitated catalyst recyclability by promoting radical recombination and preserving disulfide bonds.
  • Copolymerization enhanced solubility for thin-film fabrication.

Conclusions:

  • Poly-SS represents a significant advancement in heterogeneous thiyl radical photocatalysis.
  • The integration of dynamic covalent chemistry with robust polymer architecture overcomes limitations of molecular catalysts.
  • This approach offers a promising strategy for designing advanced photocatalytic materials.