Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Flow Sheet

Flow Sheet

Flowsheets are valuable tools in nursing documentation. They enable healthcare professionals to efficiently record and monitor various patient assessments and measurements in a consolidated format.
Here's a closer look at the examples of flowsheets commonly used by nurses:
Graphic Sheet Documentation:

Documentation of Nursing Diagnosis

Documentation of Nursing Diagnosis

The nurse documents nursing diagnoses and enters them into the patient record. The identified patient's nursing diagnosis is either written out with a plan of care or entered into the electronic health record.
In some settings, data-driven computerized decision support systems are in place, allowing for more accurate nursing diagnoses. The database within one of these systems includes diagnostic labels defining characteristics, activities, and indicators for nursing. A nurse enters...

Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis II

Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis II

Nursing diagnoses represent a problem validated by major defining characteristics. There are four categories of nursing diagnoses: problem-focused, risk, health promotion or wellness, and syndrome. The anatomy of a nursing diagnosis includes three components: problem statement or diagnostic label, defining characteristics, and related factors.
Risk nursing diagnoses represent clinical judgments of an individual, family, or community more vulnerable to developing the health problem than others...

Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis I

Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis I

A nursing diagnosis is written when the nurse recognizes a cluster of essential patient data indicating health problems treated with independent nursing interventions. The standardized terminologies of a nursing diagnosis help nurses identify and treat patients' problems. Every electronic health record that uses nursing diagnosis must employ standard diagnostic terminology. Developing an efficient, individualized care plan begins with accurate nursing diagnoses.
There are thirteen domains...

Critical Thinking II

Critical Thinking II

Critical thinking is a cognitive process with several attributes. The attributes of critical thinking include the following:

Patient-centered Care

Patient-centered Care

Patient-centered care involves delivering care beyond inpatient hospitalization. Reflective practice can enhance a patient-centered approach. Reflective practice is a process of reasoning that considers all aspects of the present situation, including practicalities, learning from personal practice, and consideration of patient needs. Patients appreciate care decisions made while considering their input. Involving the patient in their care provides the patient with a sense of contribution rather...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Nursing Surveillance from Invisible to Measurable to Indispensable: The CONCERN Early Warning System Trial.

Nursing economic$·2026

Same author

Charting the future of ACMI: a report from the 2025 ACMI symposium.

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA·2026

Same author

Enhancing prediction of inpatient deterioration by combining clinical and nurse concern features, with or without temporal clustering.

JAMIA open·2026

Same author

Caring for the EHR Rather Than the Patient: Nurses' Perception of Documentation Burden.

Computers, informatics, nursing : CIN·2026

Same author

Exploring nurses' documentation prioritization strategies to alleviate EHR documentation burden: a phenomenological study.

JAMIA open·2026

Same author

Author Correction: Real-time surveillance system for patient deterioration: a pragmatic cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Nature medicine·2026

Same journal

Sensitivity Analyses of a Scoring System for a Contraception Decision Aid.

AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium·2026

Same journal

Improving electronic health record processing of large language models via retrieval-augmented generation: A case study on dietary supplements.

AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium·2026

Same journal

Developing a User-Centered Mobile Application Prototype: Bridging Lower-Limb Fracture Care from Skilled Nursing Facility and Back to the Community.

AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium·2026

Same journal

KERAP: A Knowledge-Enhanced Reasoning Approach for Accurate Zero-shot Diagnosis Prediction Using Multi-agent LLMs.

AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium·2026

Same journal

Automating Adjudication of Cardiovascular Events Using Large Language Models.

AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium·2026

Same journal

Predictive Factors and State-Level Barriers to Postpartum Birth Control Usage in the United States: Insights from PRAMS Phase 8.

AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems

Published on: June 13, 2025

Generative AI Demonstrated Difficulty Reasoning on Nursing Flowsheet Data.

Courtney J Diamond¹, Jennifer Thate^1,2, Jennifer B Withall¹

¹Columbia University Department of Biomedical Informatics, New York, NY.

AMIA ... Annual Symposium Proceedings. AMIA Symposium

|May 26, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) shows limited ability in interpreting nursing documentation, with GPT-4 correctly assessing only 3 of 14 scenarios. Nurse experts outperformed AI, highlighting the need for comprehensive training data for AI in healthcare.

More Related Videos

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

Published on: December 7, 2021

Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness

Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness

Published on: December 6, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems

Published on: June 13, 2025

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

Published on: December 7, 2021

Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness

Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness

Published on: December 6, 2024

Area of Science:

Clinical Informatics
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Nursing Documentation

Background:

Clinician burnout is a significant issue, partly due to excessive documentation burden.
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential solutions for reducing documentation burden but requires thorough evaluation.
Assessing the efficacy of AI in interpreting complex clinical data is crucial for safe implementation.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the performance of a large language model (LLM), specifically OpenAI's GPT-4, in interpreting intervention-response relationships from nursing flowsheets.
To compare the LLM's assessment accuracy against that of experienced nurse evaluators.
To identify limitations and areas for improvement in AI models used for clinical documentation analysis.

Main Methods:

Utilized nursing flowsheets containing intervention-response relationships as input data.
Employed MUC-5 evaluation metrics to assess the LLM's performance.
Compared the LLM's (ChatGPT) assessments against those made by nurse expert evaluators.

Main Results:

ChatGPT correctly assessed only 3 out of 14 clinical scenarios.
ChatGPT partially assessed 6 out of 14 scenarios, often omitting critical data in its reasoning.
Nurse expert evaluators achieved 100% accuracy and provided context beyond the documented data.

Conclusions:

Current LLMs like GPT-4 demonstrate significant limitations in accurately interpreting nuanced nursing documentation.
Future AI development for electronic health records (EHRs) must incorporate diverse nursing narrative data to capture clinical reasoning.
Ensuring AI summarization tools do not increase end-user burden is essential for adoption.