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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model
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Immunotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Elisa Tiberi1, Alessandro Parisi2, Mirco Pistelli3

  • 1Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU delle Marche, Ancona, Italy. elisa.tiberi@ospedaliriuniti.marche.it.

Oncology and Therapy
|May 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immunotherapy, including PD-1 inhibitors, is revolutionizing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment. Combinations with chemotherapy offer new standards of care for both early-stage and metastatic TNBC.

Keywords:
Early breast cancerImmunotherapyMetastatic breast cancerTriple-negative breast cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Immunotherapy represents a significant advancement in cancer treatment.
  • Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a challenging subtype with limited targeted therapies.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) harness the immune system to fight cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence and ongoing research on immunotherapy for early-stage and metastatic TNBC.
  • To explore novel combination strategies involving immunotherapy with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or radiation.
  • To discuss the application of ICIs and potential future strategies across different TNBC stages.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing clinical trial data and scientific literature.
  • Analysis of studies evaluating PD-1 inhibitors (e.g., pembrolizumab, atezolizumab) in TNBC.
  • Examination of combination therapies and emerging treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • Pembrolizumab plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a standard for high-risk, early-stage TNBC.
  • Pembrolizumab and atezolizumab plus chemotherapy are standards for first-line metastatic PD-L1+ TNBC, improving survival.
  • Immunotherapy demonstrates durable effects through immunologic memory.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy has shifted the paradigm for TNBC treatment.
  • Combination strategies are expanding treatment options for early and advanced TNBC.
  • Ongoing research aims to further optimize ICI applications and develop new therapeutic approaches for TNBC.