Biomolecular corona potential in extracellular vesicle engineering for therapeutic applications

The therapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proven in various diseases. However, EVs still face challenges, such as cargo enrichment and targeting for clinical applications. The biomolecular corona (BC) is a part of the identity of EVs and is related to these challenges. The different characteristics of EVs influence BC formation during biogenesis and secretion, and the specific features of the environment in which the EV is secreted or imported affect its formation, maturation, and function. Recent advances have shown that considering EV- BC is a significant approach for achieving effective EV therapy. This review first discusses the formation, composition, and importance of the BC of EVs. Next, biological, chemical and physical strategies for the engineering of BC are reviewed, and several points about its therapeutic applications are mentioned.