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Pulse Wave Velocity Testing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

Pulse Wave Velocity Testing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

Published on: February 7, 2014

Association between socioeconomic indicators and pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurements in population studies: a

Galatia Photiou¹, Panayiotis Kouis^1,2, Zoi Papasavva¹

¹Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 95 Irinis street, Limassol, 3041, Cyprus.

BMC Public Health

|May 26, 2025

Abstract

Background:

Arterial stiffness, which is estimated by pulse wave velocity (PWV), has been associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; however, there is sparse literature on socioeconomic (SES) indicators and PWV.

Methods:

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, evidence was retrieved from cross-sectional and cohort studies on the association of SES indicators (both single and composite) with arterial stiffness. A total of 16,331 records were reviewed and 9 studies included.

Results:

Low educational level was associated with an increase of 0.26 m/s in PWV (95% CI: 0.15 to 0.37; p < 0.001; I² = 78.2%), whereas low SES was associated with a 0.32 m/s increase of PWV (95%CI: 0.09 to 0.56, p = 0.008, I² = 93.6%).

Conclusion:

Results underscore the importance of socioeconomic position as a determinant of arterial stiffness. Future studies could benefit from longitudinal designs and more homogeneous SES measures, as well as considering composite indicators of SES like neighborhood/area environment and characteristics, along with individual indicators.

Keywords:

Arterial stiffness Education Income Pulse wave velocity, socioeconomic status Socioeconomic indicators

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