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Published on: April 8, 2009
Poxvirus pathology and pathogenesis in agriculturally important species
Amy L MacNeill1, Juan Francisco Micheloud2,3,4, Rokshana Parvin5
1Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.
Abstract:
Zoonotic poxviruses, including monkeypox virus (MPV), the causative agent for Mpox disease, have gained significant media and scientific attention due to recent outbreaks in human populations across the globe. The increase in human cases of poxvirus infection is not unexpected, as routine vaccination against smallpox (a disease caused by the poxvirus variola virus, which cross protects against other orthopoxviruses) was discontinued in the 1980s after its eradication. Large numbers of vertebrate and invertebrate species are susceptible to infection by Poxviridae. Clinical signs and histologic lesions caused by genetically different poxviruses can be strikingly similar with some notable exceptions (eg, poxviral infections in fish). The purpose of this article is to review poxvirus pathology and pathogenesis observed in species of agricultural significance including poultry, cattle, goats, sheep, camels, swine, rabbits, horses, salmon, and carp.
Insights
Poxviruses, like monkeypox virus (MPV), affect many animal species. This review details poxvirus pathology and pathogenesis in agriculturally important animals, aiding in understanding and managing disease outbreaks.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Pathology
- Virology
- Comparative Pathology
Background:
- Zoonotic poxviruses, including monkeypox virus (MPV), are gaining attention due to global outbreaks.
- Discontinuation of smallpox vaccination has increased susceptibility to orthopoxviruses.
- Poxviridae infect a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate species.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathology and pathogenesis of poxviruses.
- Focus on species of agricultural significance.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of poxvirus infections.
- Analysis of clinical signs and histologic lesions.
- Comparative analysis across different animal species.
Main Results:
- Poxviral infections exhibit diverse clinical signs and lesions.
- Species-specific variations in poxvirus pathology exist.
- Understanding pathogenesis is crucial for disease management.
Conclusions:
- Poxviruses pose a significant threat to agricultural animal health.
- Further research into species-specific poxvirus interactions is warranted.
- Effective disease surveillance and control strategies are essential.
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