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The diagnostic status of chronic kidney disease in a real-world database in Japan: CHECK-CKD

Toshiki Moriyama1, Keigo Kanafuri2, Mayu Kanno2

  • 1Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17, Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan. toshiki.moriyama@gmail.com.

Clinical and Experimental Nephrology
|May 27, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) diagnosis rates in Japan remained low despite guidelines. Early detection through periodic blood and urine tests is crucial for managing CKD and preventing complications.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • CKD management in Japan was expected to improve following 2018 guidelines and 2021 therapeutic agent launch.
  • The actual status of CKD diagnosis rates and management remains unclear.
  • This study investigates CKD diagnosis trends and outcomes in Japan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate changes in CKD diagnosis rates from 2014 to 2023.
  • To identify factors associated with CKD diagnosis.
  • To assess the prognostic impact of CKD diagnosis timing on cardiorenal events.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study using administrative claims and medical checkup data (2014-2023).
  • Inclusion criteria: patients with potential CKD risk (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² and/or urine protein ≥1+).
  • Analysis of CKD diagnosis rates, patient characteristics, and cardiorenal event incidence.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 3% of patients newly met CKD diagnostic criteria annually until 2021.
  • CKD diagnosis was associated with blood/urine tests, anemia, heart failure, and diabetes.
  • Incidence of cardiorenal events at 36 months was 4.5% for stage 3a and 12.4% for stage 3b CKD.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of CKD diagnosis in Japan is low, with infrequent renal function testing.
  • Early detection of CKD through regular blood and urine tests is recommended.
  • Timely diagnosis and management are critical for improving patient outcomes and reducing cardiorenal events.
Abstract

Keywords:
CKD diagnosis ratesChronic kidney diseaseJapanNephrologyReal-world dataRenal function tests

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