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First Law of Thermodynamics00:37

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Toward energy systems within the planetary boundaries.

Samir Meramo1,2,3, Jaime A Mesa4, Natalia A Cano-Londoño5,6

  • 1Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark. samir_meramo@smhsustainability.com.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fossil fuels push planetary boundaries, impacting climate and oceans. Renewable energy offers solutions but requires careful planning to avoid new environmental trade-offs for sustainable energy transitions.

Keywords:
EnergyLife cycle assessmentPlanetary boundariesRenewable energySustainability

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Sustainability Science
  • Energy Policy

Background:

  • Energy systems are crucial for development but drive significant global environmental impacts.
  • Exceeding planetary boundaries poses risks to Earth's stability.
  • Quantitative sustainability assessments are needed to evaluate energy sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of energy systems in transgressing planetary boundaries.
  • To identify environmental hotspots associated with different energy sources.
  • To explore pathways toward more sustainable energy alternatives.

Main Methods:

  • Review of quantitative sustainability assessments of various energy sources.
  • Analysis of environmental impacts against planetary boundary thresholds.
  • Identification of trade-offs and synergies in energy transition pathways.

Main Results:

  • Fossil-based energy systems significantly contribute to exceeding planetary boundaries, particularly climate change, ocean acidification, chemical pollution, and eutrophication.
  • Renewable energy systems show improved performance regarding climate change and ocean acidification.
  • Expansion of certain renewables, like bioenergy, may cause trade-offs in land use, water demand, and biogeochemical cycles.

Conclusions:

  • A holistic approach is necessary, integrating planetary boundaries into energy transition strategies.
  • Minimizing environmental impacts requires careful consideration of trade-offs associated with renewable energy expansion.
  • Sustainable energy futures depend on balancing development needs with Earth system integrity.