Harnessing technologies to unravel gastric cancer heterogeneity

Gastric cancer arises from complex carcinogenic factor interactions, with limited treatment options due to the lack of targetable driver gene mutations and significant tumor heterogeneity. Recent studies have provided promising novel approaches to improve our understanding of gastric cancer heterogeneity through integrated characterization, combining genomics with emerging technologies. Delineating the molecular changes and targeting specific molecular subtypes will enhance the efficacy of gastric cancer treatment and improve clinical outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current technologies used in gastric cancer research, highlighting key discoveries and treatment strategies driven by these innovations. Finally, we discuss the emerging technology-guided directions and potential breakthroughs that could enhance the understanding of gastric cancer tumor heterogeneity, ultimately improving clinical outcomes.