Acute and Subacute Toxicity of Synthetic Pyridone Analogs in Albino Rats: Analysis of Basic Parameters

1,4-Dihydropyridones and its derivatives possess biological and pharmacological activities. However, at present there is no information regarding toxicity and biological as well as pharmacological potentials of Compound 1 [Ethyl-5-cyano-2-methyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate], Compound 2 [Ethyl 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-cyano-2-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate], and Compound 3 [Ethyl-5-cyano-2-methyl-6-oxo-4-phenyl-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate]. We evaluated acute and subacute toxicity of Compounds 1, 2, and 3. To achieve the proposed objective, rats were orally administrated with different doses of 1, 2, and 3. For acute oral toxicity animals were administered single oral dose of 10, 20, 50, and 100 mg/100 g bw and for subacute oral toxicity animals were administered oral dose of 1 and 10 mg/100 g bw for 28 days. Common physiological endpoints such as food and water consumption, stool weight and mortality were observed up to 14 and 28 days. Variation in bw, food and water consumption, stool weight, hematological, biochemical, organ weight, and histopathology was observed. In acute study, administration of Compound 2 lead to the mortality of one female rat. However, no mortality was noted in males. Normal physiological endpoints were noted in males as well as female rats. No significant change was noted in any parameters after treatment with acute and subacute doses. After oral administration of Compound 1 and Compound 3 no significant variation was noted in any groups of the animals. All compounds showed no toxic potential for either acute or subacute dose. Further studies are required to check biological and pharmacological efficiency of the compounds.