Traumatic stress in the South Asian diaspora: A narrative review

The South Asian diaspora is one of the largest racial/ethnic diasporas in the world. Limited psychological research and practice have focused on the traumatic experiences of South Asian individuals in this diaspora, and even less work has examined how these traumatic experiences are inextricably linked with historical and ongoing colonial context; migration and displacement; and intersectional identity based on religion, race, gender, nationality, and more. Additionally, scant research has focused on tangible solutions to these grave gaps in mental health care-how to best disseminate and implement culturally congruent interventions, enhance policy for trauma-informed work, and best attend to the culturally informed needs of South Asian mental health trainees. This narrative review examines the current psychological literature on trauma among South Asian individuals in the diaspora from a translational perspective. We review (a) South Asian history using a trauma-focused lens, (b) the types and prevalence of traumatic experiences, (c) trauma interventions, (d) trauma-related dissemination and implementation efforts, and (e) trauma-informed policy initiatives. We note from the outset that due to the limited work on the diaspora, much of this review inadvertently also reviews extant work on trauma among South Asians residing in South Asia, which is distinct but related to diasporic experiences. Recommendations for the traumatic stress field, community members and lay providers, and implications for the training of South Asian students preparing for careers in mental health are discussed.