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Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
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Differences in Glucose Metabolism Between Single Memory Domain and Multidomain Subjective Cognitive Decline: A

Min Wei1, Luyao Wang2, Xianfeng Yu3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
|May 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Multidomain subjective cognitive decline (SCD) shows distinct glucose metabolism differences compared to single-domain SCD. Individuals with multidomain SCD or positive biomarkers face a higher risk of cognitive decline.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseaseFDG‐PETplasma AD biomarkerssubjective cognitive decline

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Glucose metabolism and plasma biomarkers are early indicators in Alzheimer's disease.
  • Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has subtypes (single-domain and multidomain) that may reflect different disease stages.
  • Understanding glucose metabolism differences between SCD subtypes is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore differences in glucose metabolism between single-domain SCD (sd-SCD) and multidomain SCD (md-SCD) using 18F-FDG PET.
  • To investigate correlations between glucose metabolism and plasma biomarkers in SCD subtypes.
  • To assess the risk of cognitive decline conversion in SCD subgroups.

Main Methods:

  • Compared glucose metabolism (SUVR) and voxel differences between sd-SCD and md-SCD groups.
  • Utilized FDR and GRF corrections for analysis.
  • Performed correlation analyses between FDG-PET SUVR, neuropsychological scores, and plasma biomarkers.
  • Employed Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to evaluate cognitive decline risk.

Main Results:

  • md-SCD showed lower glucose metabolism (SUVR) in specific brain regions (anterior cingulate, middle and inferior temporal gyri) compared to sd-SCD.
  • SUVR in the right anterior cingulate was correlated with plasma Aβ42/40 and memory scores in md-SCD.
  • SUVR in the right middle temporal gyrus correlated with memory scores across all SCD individuals.
  • SCD individuals with positive biomarkers or in the md-SCD group had an elevated risk of cognitive conversion.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct differences in brain glucose metabolism exist between md-SCD and sd-SCD.
  • md-SCD or positive biomarkers in SCD indicate a higher risk for future cognitive decline.