Bispecific Antibodies, Nanobodies and Extracellular Vesicles: Present and Future to Cancer Target Therapy

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunotherapy
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Cancer is a leading global cause of death, necessitating improved treatments beyond chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
• Traditional cancer therapies face challenges like drug resistance and off-target toxicity.
• Targeted therapies represent a significant advancement in cancer treatment specificity and reduced systemic side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and analyze three innovative targeted cancer therapy approaches: bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and extracellular vesicles.
• To assess the current applications, advantages, and challenges associated with each therapeutic modality.
• To provide insights into the future perspectives of these novel cancer treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and analysis of bispecific antibodies in cancer therapy.
• Evaluation of nanobodies for enhanced tumor penetration and targeted delivery.
• Assessment of extracellular vesicles as a platform for drug and RNA delivery in cancer treatment.

Main Results:

• Bispecific antibodies offer enhanced immune responses and dual-targeting capabilities for cancer cells.
• Nanobodies demonstrate superior tumor penetration due to their small molecular size.
• Extracellular vesicles provide a novel and versatile platform for delivering therapeutic agents, including drugs and RNA, to cancer cells.

Conclusions:

• Bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and extracellular vesicles represent promising, complementary strategies for next-generation cancer therapy.
• These approaches hold potential to overcome limitations of conventional treatments, offering improved efficacy and reduced toxicity.
• Further research and development are crucial to fully realize the clinical potential of these innovative cancer therapeutics.