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Block-interleaved segmented echo-planar imaging for improved activity detection in submillimeter high-resolution

Guoxiang Liu1,2, Takashi Ueguchi1,2,3,4, Seiji Ogawa1,5

  • 1Brain Function Analysis and Imaging Laboratory, Center for Information and Neural Networks, Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita, Osaka, Japan.

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Block-interleaved segmented EPI (BISEPI) enhances functional MRI (fMRI) by improving temporal signal-to-noise ratio (tSNR) and motion robustness. This novel method enables high-resolution fMRI detection of neuronal activity, even with short stimuli.

Keywords:
BOLDEPIimage acquisition and reconstructionk‐space segmentationsubmillimeter high‐resolution fMRIultrahigh magnetic field

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background:

  • Submillimeter high-resolution functional MRI (fMRI) enables mesoscale investigation of neuronal activity.
  • Single-shot echo planar imaging (EPI) with parallel imaging (e.g., GRAPPA) reduces temporal signal-to-noise ratio (tSNR), hindering detection of task-evoked activity.
  • Conventional multishot EPI (msEPI) improves tSNR but sacrifices temporal resolution, limiting its use for short-duration stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel multishot EPI-based fMRI acquisition and reconstruction method, block-interleaved segmented EPI (BISEPI).
  • To overcome the limitations of existing EPI techniques in achieving high temporal resolution and high tSNR simultaneously for submillimeter fMRI.
  • To enable noninvasive investigation of neuronal activities at the mesoscale level with improved sensitivity and motion robustness.

Main Methods:

  • BISEPI utilizes block design paradigm timing during acquisition and reconstruction to preserve temporal resolution and tSNR.
  • A k-space-based motion correction method is integrated to address head motion artifacts.
  • The technique was evaluated in human studies using various stimulus paradigms and resolutions (0.7-mm and 0.4-mm isotropic).

Main Results:

  • BISEPI reduced g-factor penalties associated with GRAPPA acceleration.
  • The method achieved high tSNR, enhanced motion robustness, and improved sensitivity to blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal responses.
  • Detection of BOLD signal responses was demonstrated at submillimeter spatial resolutions.

Conclusions:

  • BISEPI effectively addresses limitations of conventional msEPI and GRAPPA-accelerated EPI.
  • The method enables the detection of BOLD signal responses at submillimeter spatial resolution (0.7-mm and 0.4-mm isotropic).
  • BISEPI is suitable for fMRI paradigms involving short-duration, low-power stimuli at 0.7-mm resolution and standard-power stimuli at 0.4-mm resolution.