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Lactose Intolerance and Malabsorption Revisited: Exploring the Impact and Solutions.

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Summary

Lactose intolerance (LI) is a common digestive issue impacting global health. Diagnosis often uses the hydrogen breath test (HBT), and a low-lactose diet is generally well-tolerated and effective for managing symptoms.

Keywords:
LactaseLactoseLactose intoleranceMalabsorption

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Digestive Health
  • Clinical Nutrition

Background:

  • Lactose intolerance (LI) is a prevalent digestive disorder with significant global impact.
  • Despite its commonality, LI is frequently overlooked, lacking standardized diagnostic and management guidelines.
  • This review addresses the clinical features, diagnostic methods, and management strategies for LI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of lactose intolerance.
  • To focus on clinical features, diagnostic evaluation, and management strategies.
  • To synthesize current literature on LI diagnosis and management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies published between 2013 and 2023 on PubMed.
  • Prioritization of systematic reviews, meta-analyses, RCTs, case-control, cohort studies, and expert reviews.
  • Analysis of diagnostic tests and dietary and supplemental management approaches for LI.

Main Results:

  • The hydrogen breath test (HBT) is the most effective diagnostic method for LI, complemented by symptom assessment.
  • A low-lactose diet, permitting 12-15g of lactose daily, is well-tolerated and beneficial for most individuals.
  • While probiotics, prebiotics, and plant-based beverages may offer support, their efficacy in LI management requires further proof.

Conclusions:

  • Effective diagnosis of LI relies on the HBT and clinical evaluation.
  • Dietary modification, specifically a low-lactose diet, is a primary and effective management strategy.
  • Further research is needed to validate the role of probiotics, prebiotics, and alternative beverages in LI management.