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Side Effect Profiles of Nonhormonal, Nonsurgical Gender-Affirming Body Modifications
Ben L Schwartz1, Nguyen K Tran1,2, Jonathan A Mayo3
1The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Gender-affirming body modifications (GABMs) like binding and tucking are common. While beneficial for mental health, these practices carry risks of pain and skin issues, requiring provider management.
Area of Science:
- Medical research
- Sociology
- Gender studies
Background:
- Gender-affirming body modifications (GABMs) are nonhormonal, nonsurgical methods for gender expression.
- Practices include binding, packing, using stand-to-pee (STP) devices, and tucking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe sociodemographic characteristics of GABM users.
- To identify and analyze side effects associated with various GABMs.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study utilizing data from The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality Study (2023 Annual Questionnaire).
- Descriptive statistics were used to analyze sociodemographic data and self-reported side effects.
Main Results:
- Out of 6296 participants, 1694 reported using GABMs.
- Binding (n=995), packing (n=590), STP devices (n=351), and tucking (n=265) showed distinct side effect profiles.
- Pain (2.0%-48.2%) and dermatologic concerns (0.5%-23.2%) were prevalent across GABMs.
Conclusions:
- GABMs support mental health and patient safety but pose physical health risks.
- Healthcare providers are crucial in managing GABM side effects for continued gender affirmation.
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